Ancient Mataram Kingdom is one of the kingdom which has a considerable heritage and still exist today, for example, Prambanan and Borobudur . This kingdom is located in Central Java and has several designations including the Earth Mataram, Mataram Hindu kingdom, and the kingdom Medang. Ancient Mataram Kingdom is surrounded by high mountains, including Mount Merapi, Merbabu, Sindoro, Cleft, Lawu, Boat and Sewu Mountains. Surrounded by mountains of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom are also many large rivers flowed, covering the Solo River Progo, Bogowonto, and Elo. Both of these natural factors create conditions of ancient Mataram kingdom became very fertile.
For power, the Ancient Mataram dynasty there are 3 or 3 can also be called dynasty. Third dynasty are Sanjaya, the last dynasty and dynasty Isana. Each house has a guideline or a different stance, especially regarding religion. Sanjaya Mataram Hindu dynasty semnetara Buddhists and isyana dynasty is a dynasty that was established when new MPU SINDOK authorities.
Sanjaya is the founder of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom and founder of the first dynasty of Sanjaya dynasty. After Sanjay's death, the power switches to Panangkaran and because of the influence from the outside and then he embraced Buddhism. With a situation like this, then stood and powerful dynasty in the Ancient Mataram Kingdom. After the end of the dynasty of Sanjaya, that does not mean that people are Buddhists should be forced to convert to Islam. This unique and remarkable ensued, Hinduism and Buddhism flourished simultaneously in the Ancient Mataram. Zoning for both faiths have ensued, the Buddhists living in the southern part of Central Java and the Hindu religion bagin stay in Central America.
After a few years, then returned to power Wangsa Sanjaya in the Ancient Mataram Kingdom. This is because the son of King Samaratungga named Pramodawardhani married to a Hindu named Rakai Pikatan. From the results of the marriage, then Rakai Pikatan became king of Mataram and the resumption of Sanjaya dynasty. It cunning then carried out by Rakai Pikatan, namely by removing Pramodawardani brother named Balaputradewa, he then went to seek refuge in the kingdom of Srivijaya and became king in the kingdom.
The power of Sanjaya in the Ancient Mataram Kingdom finally ended in Rakai Sumba Dyah Wawa. The end of the dynasty is still debated by experts, there is also a theory that at the time of the Ancient Mataram destroyed by natural disasters. Rakai Sumba power Dyah Wawa replaced by MPU SINDOK. After the destruction of the MPU Sindok then went further move the center of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom to East Java and there he made a new dynasty called the House of Isana.
History Of Mataram Kingdom
The establishment of the Ancient Mataram we can know of relics that still exist, namely in the form of inscriptions there are listed numbers / year. Inscriptions can prove the time when the establishment of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom is the inscription Canggal. This inscription figures ber 732 AD, shows King Sanjaya said that there reigned in Java before him. The king's name is Sanna or Bratasena, he is the king of the Kingdom Galuh who managed to separate the kingdom of the Kingdom of Sunda ( Masa collapse Tarumanegara ). From these inscriptions, it is certain that the Ancient Mataram Kingdom stand and thrive in the seventh century by the first king named Sanjaya (Rakai Mataram The Queen Sanjaya).
Sanna Sanjaya is the nephew of a former king of the Kingdom Galuh who was overthrown by Purbasora. After being ousted, Sanna then ran to the Kingdom of Sunda and there under the protection of users. Well this is where Sanjaya grow and become the ruler, he managed to conquer three kingdoms, the kingdom grow, users and Kalinga. After the success of the government party and then he decided to create a new government that is called the Ancient Mataram Kingdom.
Source History of the Ancient Mataram
Like other governments, the history of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom can we learn from his legacy remains in the form of inscriptions and temples. Here are some inscriptions and relics of ancient Mataram kingdom temple.
Some relics of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom inscription:
- Inscription Canggal: An inscription found in the village Canggal precisely on the Temple Mount Wukir page. This inscription has 732 AD numbers and letters used are Pallawa Sanskrit. The contents of this inscription has been described above, monggo slide up to be listened to again.
- Mantyasih inscription: An inscription found in Central Java, precisely Manyasih Kedu. This inscription air-figures in 907 AD and the language used is the ancient Javanese language. The contents of this inscription is a list of sil sila King of the Kingdom of Mataram from beginning to end.
- Kalasan inscription: An inscription found in the village of Kalasan Yogyakarta. This inscription air-figures in 788 AD and using letters pranagari and Sanskrit. The contents of this inscription is telling the establishment of a holy building to Dewi Tara and the establishment of the monastery Reverend conducted by King named Pangkaran, this establishment was proposed Shailendra dynasty family.
- Kelurak inscription: An inscription were found in the village of Prambanan Yogyakarta. This inscription from the year 782 AD and is written with letters Pranagari and Sanskrit. The contents of this inscription is about the making of the statue of Manjushri performed at the time of King Indera with his title namely Sri Sanggamadanjaya. Remains of the temple of the Ancient Mataram:
- Prambanan temple
- Mendut
- Candi Sambisari
- Mendut
- Borobudur temple
- Sewu
- Pawon
- Kalasan
- Candi Ijo
- Barong
- Candi Morangan
- Candi Kedulan
- Plaosan
Political Life of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom
Political life of the Ancient Mataram dynasty is famous for two dynasties Sanjaya and Sailendra dynasty in the struggle for influence in the government of the kingdom. The origin Sanjaya we can know through Canggal inscription (732 AD) mentions Sanjaya is the nephew of Sanna. Sanjaya was the first king of ancient Mataram kingdom which ruled the capital in Nam.
In addition to the inscription that tells Canggal political life and its first king, there are also inscriptions that mention kings who once ruled the Mataram Kingdom inscription Kedu or Mantyasih air-digit year 907 AD. The inscription was made during the reign of Rakai Balitung lead this government. Here is the genealogy of the kings of Old Mataram Kingdom in the inscription:
Rakai Mataram The Queen Sanjaya
- Sri Maharaja Panangkaran
- Sri Maharaja Rakai union
- Sri Maharaja Rakai Garung
- Sri Maharaja Rakai Warukin
- Sri Maharaja Rakai lure
- Sri Maharaja Rakai Watuhumalang
- Sri Maharaja Rakai Kayuwangi
- Sri Maharaja Rakai Balitung.
Later in the inscription Nec explained that Panangkaran replace King Sanjaya. Power Panangkaran then ended in 778 AD and replaced Sri Sanggrama Dhanajaya (title name), then the Ancient Mataram Kingdom fully controlled by the Sailendra dynasty. Furthermore, in the alternation of power 778-856 happened between dynasty Sanjaya and Sailendra dynasty with different centers in the North and South of the island of Java.
Economic Life of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom
Economic life of the Ancient Mataram rely on the agricultural sector, this is because there are many rivers in this kingdom. According to the inscription Purworejo air-digit year 900 BC when King Belitung mentioned that the power he established a trading center that aims to develop agriculture and trade. Then in Wonogiri inscription air-digit year 903 AD tells of the smooth traffic in Solo River which is the key to unlock the relationship with the outside world and develop the economy. The economic development aimed at the welfare and prosperity of the people of the Ancient Mataram.
The kings of Old Mataram Kingdom
Here are the kings who once ruled the Mataram Kingdom, among others:
- King Sanjaya - Founder Government
- King Panangkaran
- King Rka Panungglan Atu Dharnindra
- King Samaragrawira or Samaragrawira
- King Rakai Garung or Samaratungga
- King Rakai lure
- King Kayuwangi or Dyah jails
- Raja Rakai Watuhumalang
- King Mpu Daksa
- Letter to the King Rakai Dyah Tulodong
- King Rakai Sumba Dyah Wawa
- King MPU SINDOK
- King Sri Lokapala
- Raja Makuthawangsawardhana
- King Dharmawangsa - the end of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom
The collapse of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom
The collapse of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom began when Balaputradewa expelled from the kingdom by Rakai lure, then he went to Australia for the protection of the king there. Expulsion is made Balaputradewa revenge and after he became the King of Sriwijaya hostilities began. Hostilities between the government and then continues to the next generations. Hostilities between the two governments is also triggered when there is competition in trade dominated, especially in Southeast Asia. Hostilities continued when the ancient Mataram kingdom had its center in the East, marked by attacks of Srivijaya. The war was won by the MPU SINDOK (King of Mataram at the time).
At the time of the Ancient Mataram kingdom led by King Dharmawangsa (MPU SINDOK great-grandchildren), fighting between the government and the Wings re-occur. Mataram Wings stormed back, repulsed the attack and was won by the Dharmawangsa. Wings not only offensive to Mataram, King Dharmawangsa also attacked the capital of the kingdom of Srivijaya. Then the collapse of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom occurred in 1016, when it did delay the royal palace was attacked by Father Wurawari, it is an ally of Sriwijaya. In the attack of King Dharmawangsa mataram was killed and the destruction ensued.
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