History of Singasari Kingdom : Founding, Political Life, Economic, Social, Historical and Its Heritage Sources

Singhasari Complete History  - Sub themes include First establishment of discussion, Political Life, Life on Economic, Social, Historical Resources, Time Success, Time ruin and abandonment. A little introduction, Singhasari kingdom wasfounded by Ken Aroklocated in Kutaraja and centered in Tumapel. The origin of Ken Arok itself is not clear, according to historians, father Ken Arok Singhasari a high official, this is evidenced by insightful thinking, strategy and ambition are quite high and the ability of such rarely possessed by ordinary farmers. In addition, according to Pararaton book, Ken Arok was the son of a farmer from a village on the east side of the mountain Kawi. Interesting right? Refer to the article on the history of Singhasari detailed below. 

Singhasari establishment  started in a village located in the east of Mount Kawi, precisely in the Brantas river upstream. The region (now) including the district of Malang, East Java. In the 13th century the area Singhasari just a small village, but then gradually the area changed since there was a young man named Ken Arok who managed to control the area of the Kingdom of Kediri was led by Kertajaya in 1222 AD 

Before becoming king in Singhasari , Ken Arok serves as Akuwu (Regent) in Tumapel replace Ametung stump that had been killed by him. The murder because he was interested in the wife of Ken Dedes Ametung stumps.Then he wants to let go of power Tumapel Kediri kingdom ruled by King Rami. Ken Arok later attacked Kediri, so Rami defeat.

The power struggle through several processes. Beginning, came the pastor of kediri to ask for help from Ken Arok for arbitrary treatment performed by Kertajaya. It is utilized by Ken Arok for mempropa duplicate the priest and finally an uprising against the kingdom of Kediri. There was a great battle that took place between the troops Ken Arok and Kertajaya, all the forces of the Kingdom of Kediri along Kertajaya be destroyed. Then Ken Arok was crowned king by the people Tumapel and Kediri. From this comes the one seed establishment Singhasari.

The Establishment of Singhasari

From the region successfully captured the Ken Arok then established a kingdom centered in Kutaraja and take his title of king as Rajasa Sang Amurwabhumi . Then Singhasari name emerging or called since 1254 by his grandson who holds Wisnuwardhana. Singasari then controlled the region of East Java in 1222 until 1292 AD The establishment of Singhasari have relevance to the Majapahit kingdom founded by Raden Wijaya in the year 1293 AD.

Raden Wijaya himself a son of King Kertanegara and Kertanegara is Singhasari last king who died in battle against the rebels on behalf of the Government under the leadership Jayakatwang Kediri. Raden Wijaya officially became king of Majapahit after defeating the army has seized Jayakatwang Singhasari. Raden Wijaya do so with the help of the Mongolian army, which originally came from China to Australia for the purpose of conquering Singhasari which was already undermined by Jayakatwang advance.

Political life Singhasari

Political life Singhasari can we learn from the Book Pararaton. Pararaton mention that the first king of Ken Arok Singhasari is then replaced by Rajasa , Tohjaya, Wisnuwardhana, and last Kertanegara. While the version of the book Negarakertagama first king of Singhasari named Kimberly Rajasa, then replaced Rajasa, Wisnuwardhana, and last Kertanegara. More can be seen below:

1. First King Ken Arok Year 1222-1227 AD .

The founder of Singhasari and is also the first king Ken Arok. After Ken Arok Singhasari became the first king, which led to the emergence of a new dynasty Rajasa. Ken Arok Singaari rule during the year 1222 to 1227 AD. Then, around 1227 AD, he was killed by assassins servants of Anuspati. Anuspati itself is a stepdaughter of King Ken Arok.

2. King II: Rajasa Year 1227-1248 AD .

Ken Arok killed by Rajasa, then reigning king of Singhasari can switch to it. Rajasa ruled for less than 2 years. When he led, Singhasari not much change significantly. Later, the death of the first king Ken Arok can be revealed and  known by Tohjoyo (son of Ken Arok bladder). Thohjoyo then set the strategy to kill Rajasa. And finally killed by a dagger Rajasa Gandring MPU. This dagger ditusukan to Anuspati until death.  

3. Raja Third: Tohjoyo Year 1248 AD

Rajasa killed by Tohjoyo Singhasari then power was in his hands. However, the rule of Tohjoyo not last long. As an act of revenge continues. Tohjoyo killed by the son of the Ranggawuni Rajasa. With the help of his men , Ranggawuni killed and seized power Tohjoyo Singhasari.

4. The Fourth King: Ranggawuni or Wisnuwardhana Year 1248 - 1268 AD

In government Ranggawuni, Singhasari gradually progressing toward the better, it is to be marked with the peace and welfare of the people Singasari. Then, in 1254, handed over power Ranggawuni Singasari kingdom to his young son named Kertanegara, he  later became viceroy. Kertanegara prepared to become a great king. After that, around 1268 Ranggawuni died.

5. The fifth king: Kertanegara Year 1268-1292 AD .

Kertanegara is king Singhasari the latest and greatest. Greatness Kertanegara evidenced by his goal to unite the whole archipelago (now Indonesia). Kertanegara became king in 1268, when in power he was assisted by three ministers or mahamentri. In order to realize the dream of uniting the archipelago, King Kertanegara  replace officials who are old Singhasari and replaced with new officials. 

After successfully controlled by Java Singhasari, then he seeks to master other areas. Furthermore Kertanegara sent a messenger to go to Malay familiar with Pamalayu expedition in 1275 AD, this expedition turned out to be successful and be able to master the Malay Kingdom. The success of the expedition was marked by Kertanegara sending Amogapasa statue to Dharmasraya. The goal is to control the Strait of Malacca. 

Besides, he also conquered Bali, Sunda, Pahang and deserts in the Moluccas. King  Kertanegara also a relationship with the king of Champa, it aims to restrain the expansion of the power of the Mongol Kublai Khan. Later, KublaiKhan demanded the kings of the southern regions , one of which Singhasari to recognize his authority. Then Kertanegara refused, then hurt the messenger of Kublai Khan. As a result of action taken by Kertanegara makes Kublai Khan was furious and plan further punishment he sent troops to the island of Java. Read also: History of the Aceh Complete Read Also: History of the Ocean Pasai Arrival of the Mongolian team made King Kertanegara take action to confront the team. Steps taken Kertanegara was known by Jayakatwang, so he took advantage of the moment to attack the castle of Singhasari. Jayakatwang itself a descendant Rami (last king of the Kingdom of Kediri). 

Attacks by Jayakatwang of Singhasari done from two directions , ie north and south. The troops attacked from the north is a team or as an angler hooks, then attacking from the south is the main force. The team that comes from the southern wine directly led by Jayakatwang, the team managed to get into the castle Singhasari d an find Kertanegarawho was doing a party at the royal palace officials. 

Kertanegara Singhasari and court officials were killed in the attack is . Raden Wijaya (Kertanegara-law) got away and then fled towards the area Madura. Wijaya then ask for help and protection to Aria Wiraraja (ruler Sumenep). Thanks to his help, Raden Wijaya then be forgiven and knees against Jayakatwang. 

Furthermore, Raden Wijaya ratedPull Forest land in the name of which will be the origin of the kingdom of Majapahit. With the death of King Kertanegara in 1292, Singhasari then successfully switch to Jayakatwang. This makes ending the power Singhasari.

Economic life Singhasari

Sources of the history of economic life Singhasari absolutely nothing, but is based on an analysis of Singhasari centers located around the Brantas River can we analyze that the economic life of society rely on agriculture and trade. It is supported by a very abundant crop so Kertanegara expanding territory against strategic places as laul Intas trade. With this analysis, the trade sector has also become a very vital sector in the economy pengmbangan Singhasari.

Social and Cultural Life Singhasari

In the social field, on people's lives Singhasari experienced ups and downs since the days of Ken Arok ie until Wisnuwardhana. At the time Ken Arok social life is guaranteed. It is characterized by prosperity and peace of the community life of Singhasari. Furthermore, at the time of the king Anusapati, Singasari public life began neglected, because the King is more concerned with the cockfighting hobby than dealing with rakatnya prosperity.

Currently Wisnuwardhana be king Singhasari, the social situation is getting better Singhasari. Growing prosperity of the people can be felt and can live in peace and prosperity during the reign of King Kertanegara. King Kertanegara, doing development with hard work and relentless. Then Kertanegara ambition to unify the country under the auspices of Singhasari can be achieved even though not perfect. The region was overrun by the covering Java, Madura, East Java, Bali, Indonesia, Sulawesi, Maluku, Indonesia, Borneo and Malacca Semnanjung.

Source History Singhasari

There are several sources of history associated with the presence of Singhasari Pararaton, land and heritage Singhasari temple.

1. Pararaton  : In this book, we can find out about the origins of the first king of Singhasari, namely Ken Arok. (The story of his life has been described above).
2. Negarakertagama Book  : This book is an essay which describes the MPU prancing about the kings of the empire and the empire.
3. Building the Temple  : The existence of Singhasari also evidenced by the discovery of the Temple beberpa Kidal temple, Candi Jago Temple and Temple Singasari.