Complete History Majapahit Empire - empire is one of the great kingdom in the archipelago. Majapahit Hindu kingdom with a flow that was established circa 1293-1500 BC by Raden Wijaya. Majapahit Kingdom reached the summit of success when led by Hayam Wuruk and Gajah Mada as commander of the army in 1350-1389. The highlight of this success marked with broad Majapahit empire that includes Java, the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and eastern Indonesia. Of the area of the Majapahit kingdom is regarded as the largest ever in the country. The establishment of the kingdom of Majapahit preceded by attacks carried out by Duke Kediri named Jayakatwang of Singhasari. This attack was carried out because of Singhasari refused payment of tribute. The attack last king of Singhasari ie Kertanegara killed, then son named Raden Wijaya managed to escape and fled to Thailand to seek refuge Wiraraja.
From runaway Raden Wijaya to Madura, he was then given a ground by Arya Wiraraja. The Land administration is a forest called the forest attraction. This forest was later developed by Raden Wijaya and eventually became a village and named Majapahit. Why Majapahit? because in the woods there is a lot of fruit "maja" and the fruit taste very bitter, it was the origin of the name of the Majapahit Kingdom.
The establishment of the village Majapahit eventually developed, coinciding with the arrival of the Mongols, who arrived in Java and intended to attack Singhasari induced Kertanegara harassing Mongol envoys to pay tribute. This is used by Raden Wijaya to overthrow Jayakatwang previously Kertanegara destroy and kill (the king of Singhasari). Raden Wijaya pitting and incite Mongolian team to work together to destroy the power Jayakatwang Kediri.
Majapahit empire finally cooperated with the Mongolian army. Raden wijaya along Mongols set the strategy to overthrow the kingdom of Kediri. War finally happened and power in the hands of the fallen Jayakatwang the alliance forces. Raden Wijaya ingenuity continues, when the Mongolian troops were feasting in celebration, tuiba suddenly attacked by Raden Wijaya troops were already prepared in advance. P forces opened Mongol Empire was repelled out of Java. Kartika month in 1215 saka 15th an early establishment of Majapahit. Or precisely on 10 November 1293, at which time it was the beginning of Raden Wijaya crowned as the king who founded the kingdom of Majapahit.
The success of the Majapahit Kingdom
Majapahit kingdom heyday occurred in 1350-1398 AD ie during the reign of King Hayam Wuruk. Some evidence of this royal glory in the form of a book of poetry written in ancient Javanese language. The main source of the existence of the Book Pararaton majapahit or Book of Kings written using language Kawi. This book tells the story of Ken Arok and told of the kingdom of Majapahit. Meanwhile, another source is in the form of inscriptions and notes from China.
The success of the Majapahit Empire also occur when the appointment as governor of Gajah Mada of Majapahit. While this appointment Gajah Mada Palapa Oath giving a very famous until now. The oath is a promise Gajah Mada to unite the archipelago. And proven at the time of Gajah Mada of Majapahit kingdom grew into a huge empire. Heyday occurred during the reign of Hayam Wuruk and Gajah Mada, Majapahit at that time had jurisdiction in almost all parts of the archipelago to the Malayan peninsula, and even reach Majapahit navy expedition reached the South China Sea.
The collapse of the empire
The collapse of the Majapahit Empire started when the end of the reign of Hayam Wuruk. This is because the power struggle between the families of the king Hayam Wuruk. In addition, the collapse also caused by the development of Islamic religion in Majapahit society is democratic and does not recognize the authority of a king. These developments shook the Islamic religion and religious foundations of trust on majapahit society which still adheres to Hinduism.
One of the other causes of the collapse of the Majapahit Kingdom was halted the establishment of Islamic kingdoms in the late 14th century and early 15th century followers This makes it began to leave the Majapahit kingdom gradually and turn to the Islamic kingdom. The civil war already described above resulted in the kingdom is not neglected then cause setbacks in Economics. Furthermore, little by little trade in the archipelago was taken over by traders who were around the kingdom of Majapahit, or maybe from the outside of this kingdom.
Majapahit kingdom's economy is quite advanced and make people live in peace. Economic activities undertaken include agriculture and shipping. Agricultural produce includes rice, sesame, spices, green beans. Meanwhile, from fruits include papaya, durian, Langsa, coconut, banana and watermelon. To obtain maximum agricultural yields, government majapahit build two dams the dams Trailokyapur (used in downstream areas) and dam Jiwu (for paddies).
To support the economic life, the Majapahit Empire has its own currency as a means of transacting. The currency is called money gobog, coin shape and has a hole in the middle. This money is made from a mixture of lead, silver, tin, and copper. Additionally, kepeng (derived from various dynasties) is also used by the public. According to the Chinese trader named Wang Ta-yuan, the export commodities this kingdom at that time include: salt, pepper, cloth and a parrot. Meanwhile, the import of materials include: gold, silver, pearls, ceramics, silk and items made of iron.
Kings of Majapahit Kingdom
- King Kertajaya / Raden Wijaya
- King Jayanegara
- Queen Tribuwana Tunggadewi
- King Hayam Wuruk
- King Wikramawardhana
- Queen Suhita
- King Kertawijaya
- King Rajasa Ward
- King Purwawisesa
- King Brawijaya V
The Heritage of Majapahit
Relics empire building temples and inscriptions, all these relics of the material cultural heritage of Indonesia. Some relics of the Majapahit temple include:
- Cetho: The layout of the temple is located in the hamlet Ceto, Gumeng Village, District Jenawa, Karanganyar, Central Java. Temple relics of Majapahit Kingdom was probably built in the late fall of Majapahit, or rather the 15th century AD.
- Jabung: Located in the village of Jabung, District Paiton, Probolinggo, East Java. The temple of the kingdom of Majapahit have been built in 1350.
- Wiring temple mace: Located in the village of Pasir Jati, District Trowulan-JawaTimur. The temple of the kingdom of Majapahit is arch-shaped and have been built in 14 AD, this building was the residence of Gajah Mada gate.
- Candi Tikus: Same as Brahu, also located in the Rat Temple is located at archaeological sites Trowulan, precisely in Hamlet Cashew, Bejijong Village, District Trowulan, Mojokerto, East Java. Temple historical relics of the Majapahit Kingdom is named after the temple rat because at the beginning of the discovery, the building became a nest for wild mice.
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